This video explores the concept of building a fully functional operating system (OS) from scratch using Assembly language. It details the essential components required, starting with the bootloader, responsible for initializing the system and loading the kernel. The process involves setting up the Global Descriptor Table (GDT) for memory segmentation and enabling protected mode, unlocking access to more memory. The video also describes implementing interrupt handling, crucial for managing hardware interactions and system calls. Implementing a basic display driver enabling output to the screen is also discussed, along with memory management techniques, to dynamically allocate and deallocate memory for processes. Furthermore, the video highlights the challenges and complexities involved in creating a multitasking kernel, which involves context switching and scheduling algorithms. The creator emphasizes the educational value of this project for understanding low-level system operations.